Breast cancer in women worldwide is the most prevalent cancer and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women. Historically low-and middle-income countries reported significantly lower breast cancer incidence compared to the Americas and Europe.
However, the incidence and mortality of breast cancer has increased in low-and middle-resource countries over the past two to three decades. Of the more than one million new breast cancer cases to be diagnosed worldwide in 2009, low-and middle-resource countries will be burdened with 45 percent of cases of breast cancer and 55 percent of deaths from breast cancer.
Before mammography emerged as a screening method, most breast cancers were diagnosed with palpation and the tumors were often palpable for a variable period of time before clinical diagnosis. As a result, the outcome of these cancers was poor due to the disease's often systemic nature at the time of diagnosis. Diagnosis at an advanced stage of disease is the primary reason for breast cancer mortality. Then the rationale of a screening program for breast cancer is primarily to detect cancer when it is small and impalpable. The interval between mammographic detectability and clinical detectability reflects the rate of tumor growth and varies depending on the type, type of tumor and age of the patient.
There is extensive literature supporting the benefits of screening mammography in reducing breast cancer mortality, and the overwhelming body of evidence is strongly in favor of providing this service to women in countries with high breast cancer prevalence. Nevertheless, the controversies and the debate about when the screening of breast cancer should begin, how often women are screened, and when to stop screening rages.
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